1. Classic music: expression, form, and style Ratner, Leonard G., New York : Schirmer Books ; 1985. GRS103
2. Quasi una fantasia: essays on modern music Adorno, Theodor W., 1903-1969, London : Verso, 1998. GRS103
3. Sound and symbol Zuckerkandl, Victor, Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, [1956-1969] GRS103
4. Linguistics and semiotics in music Monelle, Raymond, 1937-2010, New York, NY ; Routledge, 2014. GRS103
5. Playing with signs: a semiotic interpretation of classic music Agawu, V. Kofi (Victor Kofi), Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton University Press, 2025. GRS103
6. Towards a global music history: intercultural convergence, fusion, and transformation in the human musical story Hijleh, Mark, Abingdon, Oxon ; Routledge, 2020. GRS103
8. Musical meaning in Beethoven: markedness, correlation, and interpretation Hatten, Robert S., Bloomington, Indiana : Indiana University Press, 2004. GRS103
