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    991000869189707546
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    20220623173017.0
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    101019s2011 njua b 001 0 eng d
    010
     
     
    a| 2010043485
    020
     
     
    a| 9780470481806 (hardback)
    020
     
     
    a| 0470481803 (hardback)
    035
     
     
    a| (HKSYU)b13977398-852hksyu_inst
    040
     
     
    a| DLC c| DLC d| YDX d| YDXCP d| HUA d| NhCcYME d| HK-SYU
    042
     
     
    a| pcc
    050
     
    4
    a| HD61 b| .M256 2011
    082
    0
    0
    a| 332 2| 22
    092
    0
     
    a| 332 b| MAL 2011
    100
    1
     
    a| Malz, Allan M.
    245
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    a| Financial risk management : b| models, history, and institutions / c| Allan M. Malz.
    260
     
     
    a| Hoboken, N.J. : b| Wiley, c| c2011.
    300
     
     
    a| xxiii, 722 p. : b| ill. ; c| 24 cm.
    490
    1
     
    a| Wiley finance series
    504
     
     
    a| Includes bibliographical references and index.
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    a| "An in-depth look at the tools and techniques professionals use to address financial risksRisk and uncertainty, as Allan Malz explains in his ground-breaking new book, are two completely different concepts. Risk is a quantifiable uncertainty that can be modeled, while uncertainty defines non-quantifiable outcomes that are not always known. Part art and part science, the study of risk remains a relatively new discipline in finance and economics that continues to be refined. Financial crisis, rather than destroying the need for risk management, has given even great nuance and meaning to what risks exist and can be managed and controlled, and a taxonomy of new risks that need to be explored in ever more meaningful ways. This definitive guide on financial risk Explores all the tools and techniques needed to cope with risk Addresses state of the art approaches to modeling and managing risks Investigates stress tests in periods of heightened uncertainty, and the impact that variables such as liquidity and correlations can have on risk mitigation Provides practicing risk professionals with useful rules of thumb, intuitions, and insights gleaned from Malz's entire career as risk researcher, chief risk officer, and financial market regulator outside his classroom at Columbia University Informative and engaging, this book will help you understand why risk has become its own essential discipline on Wall Street and beyond"-- c| Provided by publisher.
    520
     
     
    a| Financial risk has become a focus of financial and nonfinancial firms, individuals, and policy makers. But the study of risk remains a relatively new discipline in finance and continues to be refined. The financial market crisis that began in 2007 has highlighted the challenges of managing financial risk. Now, in Financial Risk Management, author Allan Malz addresses the essential issues surrounding this discipline, sharing his extensive career experiences as a risk researcher, risk manager, and central banker. The book includes standard risk measurement models as well as alternative models that address options, structured credit risks, and the real-world complexities of risk modeling, and provides the institutional and historical background on financial innovation, liquidity, leverage, and financial crises that is crucial to practitioners and students of finance for understanding the world today. --
    520
     
     
    a| Financial Risk Management is equally suitable for firm risk managers, economists, and policy makers seeking grounding in the subject. This timely guide skillfully surveys the landscape of financial risk and the financial developments of recent decades that culminated in the crisis. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the different types of financial risk, as well as the techniques used to measure and manage them. Topics covered include: --
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    a| Market risk, from Value-at-Risk (VaR) to risk models for options --
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    a| Credit risk, from portfolio credit risk to structured credit products --
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    a| Model risk and validation --
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    a| Risk capital and stress testing --
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    a| Liquidity risk, leverage, systemic risk, and the forms they take --
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    a| Financial crises, historical and current, and their causes and characteristics --
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    a| Financial regulation and its evolution in the wake of the global crisis --Book Jacket.
    650
     
    0
    a| Financial risk management.
    830
     
    0
    a| Wiley finance series.
    907
     
     
    a| b13977398 b| 08-01-22 c| 21-03-13
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    a| nlw b| df
    935
     
     
    a| (HK-SYU)590083990 9| ExL
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    t| List of Figures p| xvii
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    t| Preface p| xxi
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    l| ch. 1 t| Financial Risk le a Crisis-Prow World p| 1
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    l| 1.1. t| Some History: Why Is Risk a Separate Discipline Today? p| 1
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    l| 1.1.1. t| The Financial Industry Since the 1960's p| 2
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    l| 1.1.2. t| The "Shadow Banking System" p| 9
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    l| 1.1.3. t| Changes in Public Policy Toward the Financial System p| 15
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    l| 1.1.4. t| The Rise of Large Capital Pools p| 17
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    l| 1.1.5. t| Macroeconomic Developments Since the 1960's: From the Unraveling of Bretton Woods to the Great Moderation p| 20
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    l| 1.2. t| The Scope of Financial Risk p| 34
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    l| 1.2.1. t| Risk Management in Other Fields p| 34
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    t| Further Reading p| 41
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    l| ch. 2 t| Mint Risk Basics p| 43
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    l| 2.1. t| Arithmetic, Geometric, and Logarithmic Security Returns p| 44
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    l| 2.2. t| Risk and Securities Prices: The Standard Asset Pricing Model p| 49
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    l| 2.2.1. t| Defining Risk: States, Security Payoffs, and Preferences p| 50
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    l| 2.2.2. t| Optimal Portfolio Selection p| 54
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    l| 2.2.3. t| Equilibrium Asset Prices and Returns p| 56
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    l| 2.2.4. t| Risk-Neutral Probabilities p| 61
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    l| 2.3. t| The Standard Asset Distribution Model p| 63
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    l| 2.3.1. t| Random Walks and Wiener Processes p| 64
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    l| 2.3.2. t| Geometric Brownian Motion p| 71
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    l| 2.3.3. t| Asset Return Volatility p| 74
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    l| 2.4. t| Portfolio Risk in the Standard Model p| 75
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    l| 2.4.1. t| Beta and Market Risk p| 76
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    l| 2.4.2. t| Diversification p| 82
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    l| 2.4.3. t| Efficiency p| 85
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    l| 2.5. t| Benchmark Interest Rates p| 88
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    t| Further Reading p| 91
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    l| ch. 3 t| Value-at-Risk p| 93
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    l| 3.1. t| Definition of Value-at-Risk p| 94
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    l| 3.1.1. t| The User-Defined Parameters p| 97
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    l| 3.1.2. t| Steps in Computing VaR p| 98
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    l| 3.2. t| Volatility Estimation p| 99
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    l| 3.2.1. t| Short-Term Conditional Volatility Estimation p| 99
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    l| 3.2.2. t| The EWMA Model p| 104
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    l| 3.2.3. t| The GARCH Model p| 106
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    l| 3.3. t| Modes Of Computation p| 108
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    l| 3.3.1. t| Parametric p| 108
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    l| 3.3.2. t| Monte Carlo Simulation p| 109
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    l| 3.3.3. t| Historical Simulation p| 111
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    l| 3.4. t| Short Positions p| 113
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    l| 3.5. t| Expected Shortfall p| 114
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    t| Further Reading p| 116
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    l| ch. 4 t| Nonlinear Risks and the Treatment of Bonds and Options p| 118
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    l| 4.1. t| Nonlinear Risk Measurement and Options p| 121
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    l| 4.1.1. t| Nonlinearity and VaR p| 123
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    l| 4.1.2. t| Simulation for Nonlinear Exposures p| 126
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    l| 4.1.3. t| Delta-Gamma for Options p| 127
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    l| 4.1.4. t| The Delta-Gamma Approach for General Exposures p| 134
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    l| 4.2. t| Yield Curve Risk p| 136
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    l| 4.2.1. t| The Term Structure of Interest Rates p| 138
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    l| 4.2.2. t| Estimating Yield Curves p| 141
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    l| 4.2.3. t| Coupon Bonds p| 144
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    l| 4.3. t| VaR for Default-Free Fixed Income Securities Using The Duration and Convexity Mapping p| 148
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    l| 4.3.1. t| Duration p| 149
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    l| 4.3.2. t| Interest-Rate Volatility and Bond Price Volatility p| 150
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    l| 4.3.3. t| Duration-Only VaR p| 152
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    l| 4.3.4. t| Convexity p| 154
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    l| 4.3.5. t| VaR Using Duration and Convexity p| 155
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    t| Further Reading p| 156
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    l| ch. 5 t| Portfolio VaR for Market Risk p| 159
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    l| 5.1. t| The Covariance and Correlation Matrices p| 160
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    l| 5.2. t| Mapping and Treatment of Bonds and Options p| 162
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    l| 5.3. t| Delta-Normal VaR p| 163
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    l| 5.3.1. t| The Delta-Normal Approach for a Single Position Exposed to a Single Risk Factor p| 164
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    l| 5.3.2. t| The Delta-Normal Approach for a Single Position Exposed to Several Risk Factors p| 166
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    l| 5.3.3. t| The Delta-Normal Approach for a Portfolio of Securities p| 168
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    l| 5.4. t| Portfolio VAR via Monte Carlo simulation p| 174
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    l| 5.5. t| Option Vega Risk p| 175
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    l| 5.5.1. t| Vega Risk and the Black-Scholes Anomalies p| 176
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    l| 5.5.2. t| The Option Implied Volatility Surface p| 180
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    l| 5.5.3. t| Measuring Vega Risk p| 183
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    t| Further Reading p| 190
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    l| ch. 6 t| Credit and Counterparty Risk p| 191
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    l| 6.1. t| Defining Credit Risk p| 192
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    l| 6.2. t| Credit-Risky Securities p| 193
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    l| 6.2.1. t| The Economic Balance Sheet of the Firm p| 193
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    l| 6.2.2. t| Capital Structure p| 194
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    l| 6.2.3. t| Security, Collateral, and Priority p| 195
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    l| 6.2.4. t| Credit Derivatives p| 196
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    l| 6.3. t| Transaction Cost Problems in Credit Contracts p| 196
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    l| 6.4. t| Default and Recovery: Analytic Concepts p| 199
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    l| 6.4.1. t| Default p| 199
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    l| 6.4.2. t| Probability of Default p| 200
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    l| 6.4.3. t| Credit Exposure p| 201
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    l| 6.4.4. t| Loss Given Default p| 201
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    l| 6.4.5. t| Expected Loss p| 202
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    l| 6.4.6. t| Credit Risk and Market Risk p| 204
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    l| 6.5. t| Assessing creditworthiness p| 204
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    l| 6.5.1. t| Credit Ratings and Rating Migration p| 204
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    l| 6.5.2. t| Internal Ratings p| 207
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    l| 6.5.3. t| Credit Risk Models p| 207
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    l| 6.6. t| Counterparty Risk p| 207
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    l| 6.6.1. t| Netting and Clearinghouses p| 209
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    l| 6.6.2. t| Measuring Counterparty Risk for Derivatives Positions p| 209
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    l| 6.6.3. t| Double Default Risk p| 211
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    l| 6.6.4. t| Custodial Risk p| 211
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    l| 6.6.5. t| Mitigation of Counterparty Risk p| 212
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    l| 6.7. t| The Merton model p| 213
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    l| 6.8. t| Credit Factor Models p| 222
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    l| 6.9. t| Credit Risk Measures p| 226
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    l| 6.9.1. t| Expected and Unexpected Loss p| 228
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    l| 6.9.2. t| Jump-to-Default Risk p| 229
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    t| Further Reading p| 229
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    l| ch. 7 t| Spread Risk and Default Intensity Models p| 281
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    l| 7.1. t| Credit Spreads p| 231
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    l| 7.1.1. t| Spread Mark-to-Market p| 233
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    l| 7.2. t| Default Curve Analytics p| 235
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    l| 7.2.1. t| The Hazard Rate p| 237
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    l| 7.2.2. t| Default Time Distribution Function p| 239
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    l| 7.2.3. t| Default Time Density Function p| 239
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    l| 7.2.4. t| Conditional Default Probability p| 240
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    l| 7.3. t| Risk-Neutral Estimates of Default Probabilities p| 241
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    l| 7.3.1. t| Basic Analytics of Risk-Neutral Default Rates p| 242
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    l| 7.3.2. t| Time Scaling of Default Probabilities p| 245
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    l| 7.3.3. t| Credit Default Swaps p| 246
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    l| 7.3.4. t| Building Default Probability Curves p| 250
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    l| 7.3.5. t| The Slope of Default Probability Curves p| 259
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    l| 7.4. t| Spread Risk p| 261
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    l| 7.4.1. t| Mark-to-Market of a CDS p| 261
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    l| 7.4.2. t| Spread Volatility p| 262
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    t| Further Reading p| 264
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    l| ch. 8 t| Portfolio Credit Risk p| 265
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    l| 8.1. t| Default Correlation p| 266
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    l| 8.1.1. t| Defining Default Correlation p| 266
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    l| 8.1.2. t| The Order of Magnitude of Default Correlation p| 270
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    l| 8.2. t| Credit Portfolio Risk Measurement p| 270
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    l| 8.2.1. t| Granularity and Portfolio Credit Value-at-Risk p| 270
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    l| 8.3. t| Default Distributions and Credit VaR with the Single-Factor Model p| 275
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    l| 8.3.1. t| Conditional Default Distributions p| 275
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    l| 8.3.2. t| Asset and Default Correlation p| 279
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    l| 8.3.3. t| Credit VaR Using the Single-Factor Model p| 281
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    l| 8.4. t| Using Simulation and Copulas to Estimate Portfolio Credit Risk p| 284
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    l| 8.4.1. t| Simulating Single-Credit Risk p| 286
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    l| 8.4.2. t| Simulating Joint Defaults with a Copula p| 288
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    t| Further Reading p| 295
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    l| ch. 9 t| Structured Credit Risk p| 297
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    l| 9.1. t| Structured Credit Basics p| 297
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    l| 9.1.1. t| Capital Structure and Credit Losses in a Securitization p| 301
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    l| 9.1.2. t| Waterfall p| 305
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    l| 9.1.3. t| Issuance Process p| 307
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    l| 9.2. t| Credit Scenario Analysis of a Securitization p| 309
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    l| 9.2.1. t| Tracking the Interim Cash Flows p| 309
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    l| 9.2.2. t| Tracking the Final-Year Cash Flows p| 314
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    l| 9.3. t| Measuring Structured Credit Risk via Simulation p| 318
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    l| 9.3.1. t| The Simulation Procedure and the Role of Correlation p| 318
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    l| 9.3.2. t| Means of the Distributions p| 323
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    l| 9.3.3. t| Distribution of Losses and Credit VaR p| 327
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    l| 9.3.4. t| Default Sensitivities of the Tranches p| 333
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    l| 9.3.5. t| Summary of Tranche Risks p| 336
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    l| 9.4. t| Standard Tranches and Implied Credit Correlation p| 337
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    l| 9.4.1. t| Credit Index Default Swaps and Standard Tranches p| 338
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    l| 9.4.2. t| Implied Correlation p| 340
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    l| 9.4.3. t| Summary of Default Correlation Concepts p| 341
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    l| 9.5. t| Issuer and Investor Motivations for Structured Credit p| 342
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    l| 9.5.1. t| Incentives of Issuers p| 343
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    l| 9.5.2. t| Incentives of Investors p| 345
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    t| Further Reading p| 346
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    l| ch. 10 t| Alternatives to the Standard Market Risk Model p| 340
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    l| 10.1. t| Real-World Asset Price Behavior p| 349
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    l| 10.2. t| Alternative Modeling Approaches p| 363
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    l| 10.2.1. t| Jump-Diffusion Models p| 363
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    l| 10.2.2. t| Extreme Value Theory p| 365
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    l| 10.3. t| The Evidence on Non-Normality in Derivatives Prices p| 372
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    l| 10.3.1. t| Option-Based Risk-Neutral Distributions p| 372
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    l| 10.3.2. t| Risk-Neutral Asset Price Probability Distributions p| 380
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    l| 10.3.3. t| Implied Correlations p| 387
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    t| Further Reading p| 390
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    l| ch. 11 t| Assessing the Quality of Risk Measures p| 393
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    l| 11.1. t| Model Risk p| 393
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    l| 11.1.1. t| Valuation Risk p| 395
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    l| 11.1.2. t| Variability of VaR Estimates p| 395
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    l| 11.1.3. t| Mapping Issues p| 397
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    l| 11.1.4. t| Case Study: The 2005 Credit Correlation Episode p| 399
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    l| 11.1.5. t| Case Study: Subprime Default Models p| 405
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    l| 11.2. t| Backtesting of VaR p| 407
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    l| 11.3. t| Coherence of VaR Estimates p| 414
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    t| Further Reading p| 419
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    l| ch. 12 t| Liquidity and Leverage p| 421
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    l| 12.1. t| Funding Liquidity Risk p| 422
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    l| 12.1.1. t| Maturity Transformation p| 422
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    l| 12.1.2. t| Liquidity Transformation p| 423
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    l| 12.1.3. t| Bank Liquidity p| 425
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    l| 12.1.4. t| Structured Credit and Off-Balance-Sheet Funding p| 429
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    l| 12.1.5. t| Funding Liquidity of Other Intermediaries p| 432
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    l| 12.1.6. t| Systematic Funding Liquidity Risk p| 434
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    l| 12.2. t| Markets for Collateral p| 437
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    l| 12.2.1. t| Structure of Markets for Collateral p| 438
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    l| 12.2.2. t| Economic Function of Markets for Collateral p| 441
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    l| 12.2.3. t| Prime Brokerage and Hedge Funds p| 443
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    l| 12.2.4. t| Risks in Markets for Collateral p| 445
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    l| 12.3. t| Leverage and Forms of Credit in Contemporary Finance p| 448
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    l| 12.3.1. t| Defining and Measuring Leverage p| 448
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    l| 12.3.2. t| Margin Loans and Leverage p| 454
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    l| 12.3.3. t| Short Positions p| 455
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    l| 12.3.4. t| Derivatives p| 456
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    l| 12.3.5. t| Structured Credit p| 460
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    l| 12.3.6. t| Asset Volatility and Leverage p| 460
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    l| 12.4. t| Transactions Liquidity Risk p| 461
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    l| 12.4.1. t| Causes of Transactions Liquidity Risk p| 461
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    l| 12.4.2. t| Characteristics of Market Liquidity p| 463
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    l| 12.5. t| Liquidity Risk Measurement p| 464
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    l| 12.5.1. t| Measuring Funding Liquidity Risk p| 464
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    l| 12.5.2. t| Measuring Transactions Liquidity Risk p| 466
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    l| 12.6. t| Liquidity and Systemic Risk p| 469
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    l| 12.6.1. t| Funding Liquidity and Solvency p| 469
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    l| 12.6.2. t| Funding and Market Liquidity p| 471
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    l| 12.6.3. t| Systemic Risk and the "Plumbing" p| 471
    970
    1
    1
    l| 12.6.4. t| "Interconnectedness" p| 473
    970
    1
    1
    t| Further Reading p| 474
    970
    0
    1
    l| ch. 13 t| Risk Control and Mitigation p| 477
    970
    1
    1
    l| 13.1. t| Defining Risk Capital p| 478
    970
    1
    1
    l| 13.2. t| Risk Contributions p| 480
    970
    1
    1
    l| 13.2.1. t| Risk Contributions in a Long-Only Portfolio p| 481
    970
    1
    1
    l| 13.2.2. t| Risk Contributions Using Delta Equivalents p| 485
    970
    1
    1
    l| 13.2.3. t| Risk Capital Measurement for Quantitative Strategies p| 490
    970
    1
    1
    l| 13.3. t| Stress Testing p| 499
    970
    1
    1
    l| 13.3.1. t| An Example of Stress Testing p| 501
    970
    1
    1
    l| 13.3.2. t| Types of Stress Tests p| 504
    970
    1
    1
    l| 13.4. t| Sizing Positions p| 506
    970
    1
    1
    l| 13.4.1. t| Diversification p| 506
    970
    1
    1
    l| 13.4.2. t| Optimization and Implied Views p| 507
    970
    1
    1
    l| 13.5. t| Risk Reporting p| 509
    970
    1
    1
    l| 13.6. t| Hedging and Basis Risk p| 512
    970
    1
    1
    t| Further Reading p| 516
    970
    0
    1
    l| ch. 14 t| Financial Crises p| 517
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.1. t| Panics, Runs, and Crashes p| 519
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.1.1. t| Monetary and Credit Contraction p| 519
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.1.2. t| Panics p| 528
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.1.3. t| Rising Insolvencies p| 535
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.1.4. t| Impairment of Market Functioning p| 537
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.2. t| Self-Reinforcing Mechanisms p| 539
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.2.1. t| Net Worth and Asset Price Declines p| 540
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.2.2. t| Collateral Devaluation p| 542
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.2.3. t| Risk Triggers p| 543
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.2.4. t| Accounting Triggers p| 547
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.3. t| Behavior of Asset Prices During Crises p| 548
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.3.1. t| Credit Spreads p| 549
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.3.2. t| Extreme Volatility p| 551
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.3.3. t| Correlations p| 556
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.4. t| Causes of Financial Crises p| 562
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.4.1. t| Debt, International Payments, and Crises p| 563
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.4.2. t| Interest Rates and Credit Expansion p| 570
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.4.3. t| Procyclicality: Financial Causes of Crises p| 575
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.4.4. t| Models of Bubbles and Crashes p| 578
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.5. t| Anticipating Financial Crises p| 583
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.5.1. t| Identifying Financial Fragility p| 583
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.5.2. t| Macroeconomic Predictors of Financial Crises p| 585
    970
    1
    1
    l| 14.5.3. t| Asset-Price Predictors of Financial Crises p| 585
    970
    1
    1
    t| Further Reading p| 591
    970
    0
    1
    l| ch. 15 t| Financial Regulation p| 597
    970
    1
    1
    l| 15.1. t| Scope and Structure of Regulation p| 598
    970
    1
    1
    l| 15.1.1. t| The Rationale of Regulation p| 598
    970
    1
    1
    l| 15.1.2. t| Regulatory Authorities p| 601
    970
    1
    1
    l| 15.2. t| Methods of Regulation p| 605
    970
    1
    1
    l| 15.2.1. t| Deposit Insurance p| 606
    970
    1
    1
    l| 15.2.2. t| Capital Standards p| 608
    970
    1
    1
    l| 15.2.3. t| Bank Examinations and Resolution p| 619
    970
    1
    1
    l| 15.3. t| Public Policy Toward Financial Crises p| 621
    970
    1
    1
    l| 15.3.1. t| Financial Stability Policies p| 621
    970
    1
    1
    l| 15.3.2. t| Lender of Last Resort p| 628
    970
    1
    1
    l| 15.4. t| Pitfalls in Regulation p| 635
    970
    1
    1
    l| 15.4.1. t| Moral Hazard and Risk Shifting p| 636
    970
    1
    1
    l| 15.4.2. t| Regulatory Evasion p| 643
    970
    1
    1
    l| 15.4.3. t| Unintended Consequences p| 645
    970
    1
    1
    t| Further Reading p| 647
    970
    0
    1
    t| Appendix A Technical Notes p| 858
    970
    1
    1
    l| A.1. t| Binomial Distribution p| 653
    970
    1
    1
    l| A.2. t| Quantiles and Quantile Transformations p| 654
    970
    1
    1
    l| A.3. t| Normal and Lognormal Distributions p| 656
    970
    1
    1
    l| A.3.1. t| Relationship between Asset Price Levels and Returns p| 656
    970
    1
    1
    l| A.3.2. t| The Black-Scholes Distribution Function p| 657
    970
    1
    1
    l| A.4. t| Hypothesis Testing p| 661
    970
    1
    1
    l| A.5. t| Monte Carlo Simulation p| 662
    970
    1
    1
    l| A.5.1. t| Fooled by Nonrandomness: Random Variable Generation p| 663
    970
    1
    1
    l| A.5.2. t| Generating Nonuniform Random Variates p| 664
    970
    1
    1
    l| A.6. t| Homogeneous Functions p| 664
    970
    1
    1
    t| Further Reading p| 666
    970
    0
    1
    t| Appendix B Abbreviations p| 887
    970
    0
    1
    t| Appendix C References p| 871
    970
    0
    1
    t| Index p| 701
    998
     
     
    a| book b| 23-03-13 c| m d| a e| - f| eng g| nju h| 0 i| 0
    945
     
     
    h| Supplement l| location i| barcode y| id f| bookplate a| callnoa b| callnob n| FIN423